N.O.R.M Scale

NORM scale appears within the well fluid handling system

Tubing string (especially tailpipe), Liner, below the packer, Subsurface, Safety Valves,  Wellheads,  Manifolds, Separators, Oil coolers, Produced water pipework.  It can also appear in the service water system, in pig wax, in storage cells etc.

How it Gets There

• Incompatible waters mix as they pass through perforations – this starts scale depositing in the tailpipe and tubing, then throughout the plant.
• Deposition is heaviest in areas of turbulence – beyond bends, valves, restrictions.
• Also where temperature or pressure changes occur – tubulars, chokes, separators, coolers.
• Separator deposits – clays may absorb radionuclides directly from water.